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              <p>Pour Tocqueville, la démocratie comme « état social » et la démocratie comme régime politique trouvent un point d’articulation au sein des associations civiles ou politiques. Le cas français diffère du modèle américain : depuis la Révolution française, la liberté d’association (exclue de la Déclaration de 1789) a été considérée comme ouvrant la voie aux « factions » ou aux résistances envers le pouvoir d’Etat. Est-ce que, en fin de compte, l’association constitue un frein réel à la puissance majoritaire ou plutôt son meilleur vecteur ? Tocqueville ne fait pas preuve d’optimisme.</p>
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